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  <div class="section" id="module-base64">
<span id="base64-base16-base32-base64-base85-data-encodings"></span><h1>19.6. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-base64" title="base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings; Base85 and Ascii85"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">base64</span></tt></a> &#8212; Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings<a class="headerlink" href="#module-base64" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">This module provides functions for encoding binary data to printable
ASCII characters and decoding such encodings back to binary data.
It provides encoding and decoding functions for the encodings specified in
<span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a>, which defines the Base16, Base32, and Base64 algorithms,
and for the de-facto standard Ascii85 and Base85 encodings.</p>
<p>The <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a> encodings are suitable for encoding binary data so that it can
safely sent by email, used as parts of URLs, or included as part of an HTTP
POST request.  The encoding algorithm is not the same as the
<strong class="program">uuencode</strong> program.</p>
<p>There are two <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a> interfaces provided by this module.  The modern
interface supports encoding and decoding ASCII byte string objects using all
three <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a> defined alphabets (normal, URL-safe, and filesystem-safe).
Additionally, the decoding functions of the modern interface also accept
Unicode strings containing only ASCII characters. The legacy interface provides
for encoding and decoding to and from file-like objects as well as byte
strings, but only using the Base64 standard alphabet.</p>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>ASCII-only Unicode strings are now accepted by the decoding functions of
the modern interface.</p>
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
<p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>Any <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-bytes-like-object"><em class="xref std std-term">bytes-like object</em></a>s are now accepted by all
encoding and decoding functions in this module.  Ascii85/Base85 support added.</p>
</div>
<p>The modern interface provides:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b64encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b64encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>altchars=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b64encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode a byte string using Base64.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the string to encode.  Optional <em>altchars</em> must be a string of at least
length 2 (additional characters are ignored) which specifies an alternative
alphabet for the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> characters.  This allows an application to e.g.
generate URL or filesystem safe Base64 strings.  The default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, for
which the standard Base64 alphabet is used.</p>
<p>The encoded byte string is returned.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b64decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b64decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>altchars=None</em>, <em>validate=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b64decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode a Base64 encoded byte string.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the byte string to decode.  Optional <em>altchars</em> must be a string of
at least length 2 (additional characters are ignored) which specifies the
alternative alphabet used instead of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> characters.</p>
<p>The decoded string is returned.  A <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></tt></a> exception is raised
if <em>s</em> is incorrectly padded.</p>
<p>If <em>validate</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt> (the default), non-base64-alphabet characters are
discarded prior to the padding check.  If <em>validate</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt>,
non-base64-alphabet characters in the input result in a
<a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></tt></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.standard_b64encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">standard_b64encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.standard_b64encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode byte string <em>s</em> using the standard Base64 alphabet.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.standard_b64decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">standard_b64decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.standard_b64decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode byte string <em>s</em> using the standard Base64 alphabet.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.urlsafe_b64encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">urlsafe_b64encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.urlsafe_b64encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode byte string <em>s</em> using a URL-safe alphabet, which substitutes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt> instead of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></tt> instead of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> in the standard Base64 alphabet.  The result
can still contain <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">=</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.urlsafe_b64decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">urlsafe_b64decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.urlsafe_b64decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode byte string <em>s</em> using a URL-safe alphabet, which substitutes <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-</span></tt> instead of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">+</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></tt> instead of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> in the standard Base64 alphabet.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b32encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b32encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode a byte string using Base32.  <em>s</em> is the string to encode.  The encoded string
is returned.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b32decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b32decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>casefold=False</em>, <em>map01=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b32decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode a Base32 encoded byte string.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the byte string to decode.  Optional <em>casefold</em> is a flag specifying
whether a lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input.  For security purposes,
the default is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
<p><span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a> allows for optional mapping of the digit 0 (zero) to the letter O
(oh), and for optional mapping of the digit 1 (one) to either the letter I (eye)
or letter L (el).  The optional argument <em>map01</em> when not <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, specifies
which letter the digit 1 should be mapped to (when <em>map01</em> is not <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, the
digit 0 is always mapped to the letter O).  For security purposes the default is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, so that 0 and 1 are not allowed in the input.</p>
<p>The decoded byte string is returned.  A <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#binascii.Error" title="binascii.Error"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">binascii.Error</span></tt></a> is raised if <em>s</em> is
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b16encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b16encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b16encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode a byte string using Base16.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the string to encode.  The encoded byte string is returned.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b16decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b16decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>casefold=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b16decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode a Base16 encoded byte string.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the string to decode.  Optional <em>casefold</em> is a flag specifying whether a
lowercase alphabet is acceptable as input.  For security purposes, the default
is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>.</p>
<p>The decoded byte string is returned.  A <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#TypeError" title="TypeError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></tt></a> is raised if <em>s</em> were
incorrectly padded or if there are non-alphabet characters present in the
string.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.a85encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">a85encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>foldspaces=False</em>, <em>wrapcol=0</em>, <em>pad=False</em>, <em>adobe=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.a85encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode a byte string using Ascii85.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the string to encode. The encoded byte string is returned.</p>
<p><em>foldspaces</em> is an optional flag that uses the special short sequence &#8216;y&#8217;
instead of 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20) as supported by &#8216;btoa&#8217;. This
feature is not supported by the &#8220;standard&#8221; Ascii85 encoding.</p>
<p><em>wrapcol</em> controls whether the output should have newline (&#8216;n&#8217;)
characters added to it. If this is non-zero, each output line will be
at most this many characters long.</p>
<p><em>pad</em> controls whether the input string is padded to a multiple of 4
before encoding. Note that the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">btoa</span></tt> implementation always pads.</p>
<p><em>adobe</em> controls whether the encoded byte sequence is framed with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;~</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">~&gt;</span></tt>, which is used by the Adobe implementation.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.a85decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">a85decode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>foldspaces=False</em>, <em>adobe=False</em>, <em>ignorechars=b' tnrv'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.a85decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode an Ascii85 encoded byte string.</p>
<p><em>s</em> is the byte string to decode.</p>
<p><em>foldspaces</em> is a flag that specifies whether the &#8216;y&#8217; short sequence
should be accepted as shorthand for 4 consecutive spaces (ASCII 0x20).
This feature is not supported by the &#8220;standard&#8221; Ascii85 encoding.</p>
<p><em>adobe</em> controls whether the input sequence is in Adobe Ascii85 format
(i.e. is framed with &lt;~ and ~&gt;).</p>
<p><em>ignorechars</em> should be a byte string containing characters to ignore
from the input. This should only contain whitespace characters, and by
default contains all whitespace characters in ASCII.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b85encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b85encode</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em>, <em>pad=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b85encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode a byte string using base85, as used in e.g. git-style binary
diffs.</p>
<p>If <em>pad</em> is true, the input is padded with &#8220;\0&#8221; so its length is a
multiple of 4 characters before encoding.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.b85decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">b85decode</tt><big>(</big><em>b</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.b85decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode base85-encoded byte string.  Padding is implicitly removed, if
necessary.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.4.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Both Base85 and Ascii85 have an expansion factor of 5 to 4 (5 Base85 or
Ascii85 characters can encode 4 binary bytes), while the better-known
Base64 has an expansion factor of 6 to 4.  They are therefore more
efficient when space expensive.  They differ by details such as the
character map used for encoding.</p>
</div>
<p>The legacy interface:</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.decode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">decode</tt><big>(</big><em>input</em>, <em>output</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the contents of the binary <em>input</em> file and write the resulting binary
data to the <em>output</em> file. <em>input</em> and <em>output</em> must be <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file objects</em></a>. <em>input</em> will be read until <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input.read()</span></tt> returns an empty
bytes object.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.decodebytes">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">decodebytes</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.decodebytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="base64.decodestring">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">decodestring</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.decodestring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Decode the byte string <em>s</em>, which must contain one or more lines of base64
encoded data, and return a byte string containing the resulting binary data.
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">decodestring</span></tt> is a deprecated alias.</p>
<div class="versionadded">
<p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.1.</span></p>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.encode">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">encode</tt><big>(</big><em>input</em>, <em>output</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the contents of the binary <em>input</em> file and write the resulting base64
encoded data to the <em>output</em> file. <em>input</em> and <em>output</em> must be <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-file-object"><em class="xref std std-term">file
objects</em></a>. <em>input</em> will be read until <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">input.read()</span></tt> returns
an empty bytes object. <a class="reference internal" href="#base64.encode" title="base64.encode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">encode()</span></tt></a> returns the encoded data plus a trailing
newline character (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b'\n'</span></tt>).</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="base64.encodebytes">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">encodebytes</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.encodebytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt id="base64.encodestring">
<tt class="descclassname">base64.</tt><tt class="descname">encodestring</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#base64.encodestring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Encode the byte string <em>s</em>, which can contain arbitrary binary data, and
return a byte string containing one or more lines of base64-encoded data.
<a class="reference internal" href="#base64.encodebytes" title="base64.encodebytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">encodebytes()</span></tt></a> returns a string containing one or more lines of
base64-encoded data always including an extra trailing newline (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b'\n'</span></tt>).
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">encodestring</span></tt> is a deprecated alias.</p>
</dd></dl>

<p>An example usage of the module:</p>
<div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">base64</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">encoded</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b64encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="s">&#39;data to be encoded&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">encoded</span>
<span class="go">b&#39;ZGF0YSB0byBiZSBlbmNvZGVk&#39;</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">base64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b64decode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoded</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="n">data</span>
<span class="go">b&#39;data to be encoded&#39;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="binascii.html#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">binascii</span></tt></a></dt>
<dd>Support module containing ASCII-to-binary and binary-to-ASCII conversions.</dd>
<dt><span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1521.html"><strong>RFC 1521</strong></a> - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies</dt>
<dd>Section 5.2, &#8220;Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding,&#8221; provides the definition of the
base64 encoding.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>


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